Aspects of Productivity and Costs within Different Size Organisations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1623 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Economics of the Real World Aspects of the Productivity and Costs within Different Size Organisations both in the Shortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Run, and Long à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Run Executive Summary There are several ways to an organisation to become more efficient, such as decreasing the costs and trying as much is possible to increase the profitability. Also, a very important factor is to find the supply demand balance within short run and long term. Costs can be identified as fixed costs, which are not changeable of the given organisation, and variable costs, which are effecting to the productivity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Aspects of Productivity and Costs within Different Size Organisations" essay for you Create order Variable costs are the packaging expenses, distribution of the product or service, and salary of the workforces. The differences between the short run and long run are the following: The short run is a time period where one factor is fixed, for example the company has two vans and in order to make more profit they can employ more staff. The long run is a time period, where every aspect of the production is changeable, it means the 3M: so Money, Machinery and Man. In other words if the organisation wants to achieve their goals, and to get more profit; the firm can put more capital, is able to employ more labours, and buy or invest into more machines, such as vans, cars, computers, tools. Table of Contents Introduction4 Main Body5 I.The business issues: managing the fix and changeable costs5 1.Fixed Costs5 2.Variable Costs6 II.How ASDA, as a Large Organisation can Control the Firm`s Costs6 1.Case 1. for costà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"cut within ASDA6 2.Case 2 . for costà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"cut within ASDA7 III.How can a Small Company Control their Costs7 IV.Difference between the Short Run and Long Run8 1.Short Run8 2.Long Run8 V.Compare the Productivity Different Size of Organisation9 Conclusion10 Bibliography11 Introduction For the long run success organisation it does not matter what the firm does, or what its size is, but innovation and growth are what matter. Furthermore, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s essential to continuously find the ways for improving the organisation`s productivity, because every firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s main goal is to make as much profit as possible. This report will compare the differences between the small and larger organisation potential costs, such as fixed and variable costs. Moreover, this report shows the ways how to cut costs, both in the short-run and long-run. Main Body The business issues: managing the fixed and changeable costs The entrepreneur`s employed by two main issues, namely how to get more profit and the most important question is how to manage / reduce their costs. The companies have two different costs, what is to say fixed costs and variable costs. Fixed Costs They are permanent, therefore continue to be the same and not related to the fact, how profitable the organisation is. The best example for fixed costs is when an organisation rents a property to use as an office or storage, so if they have to spend the same amount of expenses every month on rent, this expenditure is not connected to how productive the firm is, but has an effect on the productivity on the different sizes. If a small bakery makes 1000 breads / day and the rental fee is  £600 / month, then the cost of bread is 20 pence. However, any large organisation who makes bakery, such as Asda`s fixed costs per bread is definitely lower than the rent expense.(Investopedia, 2003) Variable Costs In comparison with the fixed costs, variable costs are changing and are strongly connected with the productivity of the organisation. Examples for the variable costs are expenses paid to purchase material, or the costs of paying their employees, but distribution costs and packaging costs can be variable too. Therefore, if the company is more profitable then packaging costs will rise (Investopedia, 2003). Consequently, the smallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"size firms have less variable costs then larger size companies. How ASDA, as a Large Organisation can Control the Firm`s Costs Case 1. According to the research a business can cut costs on multiple fields. When the price of the fuel reached skyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"high in 2011, ASDA announced their plan how to cut costs and even gave advise to its shoppers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"showing a good understanding of Marketing, with that action they did not create sales, but created a good relationship with its consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å", their plan consisted of: Investment in more fuel-efficient cars, Advising their drivers to drive more scrupulously, Closely monitoring their fleet-maintenance.(ASDA money, 2011) Case 2. One of the biggest costs of every organisation is the wages paid to their employees; therefore if the company employs fewer workers, they can reduce costs massively. Mark Ibbotson, the ASDA`s retail director said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We have had a look at the balance between middle managers and junior managers and shifted towards junior managers.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (Lawson, 2013) ASDA has found the solution for that: they cannot let he operation (floor) staff-members go, because they were creating the actual sales, therefore the store decided to restructure its hierarchy and not to use many of its middle managers, junior managers will fill the gap instead with lower paid rates. (Butler and Wood, 2014) How can a Small Company Control their Costs Big grocery stores, such as Asda, offer a wider range of goods on lower prices than any other corner store. However, the size allows specialisation, which fosters innovation. (The Economist, 2012) Options for smaller entrepreneurs: Cut down the travel and transfer expenditures Use the technology, such as Skype, The Cloud, Microsoft Office 365 ( £4 /person /month) Use the optional opportunities, such SME Discount, Vibrant People, The Consortium, PeopleperHour (Andrew, 2013) Use energyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"efficient appliances, such reduce utility bills, green energy tax credit, free energy audit (Kearns, 2011) Differences between the Short Run and Long Run Short Run à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Short run is a period of time, where one factor of production is fixed, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ capital is fixed and labour is variable.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Begg and Ward, 2007, P. 50- 52) The short run marginal cost defines how much production is the optimal. Important issue: produce more units of a good or service in order to cover the cost of production. (Hamel, 2014) Long Run Long run means duration, when every determinant of the manufacturing process is variable is volatile. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Other payments that cannot be changed but, in the long run, such costs can be altered.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Hamel, 2014) The key elements of the manufacturing process: Capitals: The organisations use these funds to pay every liability and purchase new assets to make the manufacturing more profitable. Machinery: The tools which help to reach the manufacturing targets and this include vehicles as well. Labours: The workforce, even at the fully automated production line the organisation relies on an expert, whoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s maintaining and programming those lines. Comparison of the Productivity of Different Size Organisations No matter what a business does, the productivity depends on various factors. These technics strongly suggested specially for small companies: Interactivity with clients; Frequently process analysing and change, if ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s necessary; Notice the unproductive strategies and issues, need to replace them; Systematic approach, such as proper communication channel; Trainings and rewards for the employees because its effecting the members, consequently the firm`s performances. (Steve, Adelaide and Sharmin_7, 2014) On top of those, ASDA is planning to make a new automated process, a distribution centre in Warrington, UK, which à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“expects the facility to increase productivity by 70 per cent and space efficiency by 79 per cent once it is up and running in 2016.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Supplychainanalysis.igd.com, 2014) Moreover, they intend to build a pallet delayering station to store delivery. Conclusion A continuously thriving entrepreneur needs to keep in the mind lot of aspects. In order to do this, both smaller and larger organisations need to determinedly monitor their costs and increase their profitability. To achieve their goals the SMEs have different options, such as be closer their customers or improve the communication tools within the firm, or encourage the employees with competitions and rewards. Asda was continuously monitoring the store management structure and the Asda leaders updated store member structure, therefore interspaced the middle manager line and in fa ct cut down the variable costs. These marketing tactics can be used to achieve the shortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å", and long term aims. Bibliography Andrew, A. (2013). From sharing cards to prepaid expenses: How to cut your business costs and boost your profits. [online] This is Money. Available at: https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/smallbusiness/article-2391148/How-small-businesses-cut-costs-boost-profits.html [Accessed 18 Dec. 2014]. ASDA Money, (2011). Rising Cost of Fuel à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" How To Cut Costs. [online] Available at: https://money.asda.com/news/motoring/rising-cost-of-fuel-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"-how-to-cut-costs/ [Accessed 17 Dec. 2014]. Begg, D. and Ward, D. (2007).Economics for business. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education. P. 50-52. Butler, S. and Wood, Z. (2014).Asda to cut 1,360 jobs. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jul/03/asda-to-cut-jobs-stores-restructure [Accessed 17 Dec. 2014]. The Economist, (2012). Small is not beautiful. [online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/node/21548945 [Accessed 17 Dec. 2014]. Hamel, G. (2014). How to Calculate Short-Run Marginal Cost | The Classroom | Synonym. [online] The Classroom | Synonym. Available at: https://classroom.synonym.com/calculate-shortrun-marginal-cost-2739.html [Accessed 17 Dec. 2014]. Investopedia, (2003). Fixed Cost Definition | Investopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixedcost.asp [Accessed 17 Dec. 2014]. Investopedia, (2003).Variable Cost Definition | Investopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/variablecost.asp [Accessed 17 Dec. 2014]. Kearns, S. (2011).12 Cost Cutting Ideas for Your Small Business to Save Money Reduce Expenses. [online] Money Crashers. Available at: https://www.moneycrashers.com/cost-cutting-ideas-small-business-expenses/ [Accessed 18 Dec. 2014]. Lawson, A. (2013). Asda pilots streamlined store staff structure to cut costs. [o nline] Racplus.com. Available at: https://www.racplus.com/news/asda-pilots-streamlined-store-staff-structure-to-cut-costs/8655683.article [Accessed 16 Dec. 2014]. Steve, Adelaide, and Sharmin_7, (2014).How to Improve Your Business Productivity. [online] wikiHow. Available at: https://www.wikihow.com/Improve-Your-Business-Productivity [Accessed 16 Dec. 2014]. Supplychainanalysis.igd.com, (2014). Asda Supply Chain-How Asda plans to boost productivity by 70% IGD Supply Chain Analysis. [online] Available at: https://supplychainanalysis.igd.com/Hub.aspx?id=13tid=1rid=1nid=2965 [Accessed 17 Dec. 2014].

Language Sample Analysis Child s Name - 1829 Words

Rebecca Mirakova Language Sample Analysis Child’s Name: N (female) Child’s Date of Birth: June 12, 2009 Child’s Date of Evaluation: 09/12/2014 Child’s Chronological Age/Sex: 63 months Child’s Primary Language: Russian Language of Evaluation: English Name of Student Evaluator: Rebecca Mirakova PERTINENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION N is my neighbor, who is 63 months old. She has two older siblings, Rachel and David. N s parents are from Russia, so she has been exposed to both the Russian and the English languages. She communicates with her parents in Russian, and speaks in English with everyone else. Even though her parents speak English, they want N to learn Russian. As a result they speak to her only in Russian. She is currently attending†¦show more content†¦TESTS ADMINISTERED Language Sample MLU development chart by Brown (1973) Speech and Language Milestone Chart by PRO-ED Inc. (1999) Phonological processes by Puccini (2001) Articulation development chart. Sanders, J. (1972). INFORMAL TEST RESULTS Morphology Morphology discusses the rules that govern the use of morphemes. N s MLU came out to be 5.3, this MLU signifies a typical developing child. According to Brown (1973) Language Sample Development, she falls under the stage V+, which is the average level for a child within 47 months and above. N has good use in both bound and free morphemes. She particularly utilized a substantial amount of bound morphemes such as the†ing†and third person regular â€Å"s†. For example in utterance number three, I asked N what animals she enjoyed seeing at the zoo, she responded â€Å"da seal show was the best /deI/ woe jumping in the water. From that sentence we see how N used the â€Å"ing† in jumping. In utterance number forty two we see how N correctly used the third person regular â€Å"s† when I asked N if her brother David plays with her she responded â€Å"no, no he plays with his fwends†. In that response we see how N used the correct grammatical marker, the third person regular â€Å"s†. â€Å"She was also able to produce plural words such as books and friends She was able to differentiate between past and present tense for example, in utterance number three N said

Use Of Tobacco In Australia Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Australia has been one of the taking counties that have a great path record of baccy control. In Australia, there are around 3 million people who smoke on a regular basis between the ages of 18 to 25. The addition in baccy control strategies that increased the monetary value of baccy merchandises have changed the manner people smoke. We will write a custom essay sample on Use Of Tobacco In Australia Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a recent survey, economic experts valued the nest eggs associated with avoided deceases and related diminutions in unwellness and disablement due to cut down baccy usage in Australia over the last 30 old ages at $ 8.6b ( NTS 2004 ) . The aims of the National Tobacco Strategy are the undermentioned: To assist forestall smoking uptake To assist and promote as many tobacco users as possible to discontinue smoke every bit shortly as they are able. To take exposures to harmful tobacco fume among non-smokers. If able, cut downing the harmful effects of continued usage of baccy and nicotine. Tobacco control schemes such as these increases the monetary value of baccy merchandises which changes people ‘s attitudes towards smoking through ordinances and runs that cut down baccy usage. ( NTS 2004 ) Regulation of Tobacco Promotion of Quit and Smoke free messages Cessation services and intervention Community support and instruction Addressing societal, economic and cultural determiners of wellness Tailoring enterprises for deprived groups Research, rating and monitoring A ; surveillance Regulation of Tobacco The purpose of the NTS is to extinguish all promotional merchandises of baccy by those in the baccy trade, and to seek to turn to to them of the injury caused by other positive portraitures of smoke in the media. Promotion of Quit and Smoke free messages The purpose of the NTS is to do the wellness hazards of smoking more personal and to increase people ‘s resoluteness in discontinuing and assist them be cognizant of many effectual therapies and contact inside informations for services. Cessation services and intervention The purpose of the NTS is to guarantee that every Australian tobacco user who are in contact with the wellness attention system are identified and be advised to discontinue, and that tobacco users who are likely to hold jobs discontinuing from smoking have easy entree to many appropriate and effectual pharmacotherapy ‘s. Community support and instruction The purpose of the NTS to lend attempts to forestall kids from smoke, and to guarantee that the community is intelligent about smoke. Addressing societal, economic and cultural determiners of wellness The purpose of the NTS is to cut down societal disaffection, along with many other negative effects by smoking and to put in baccy control as a cardinal scheme for forestalling and cut downing societal disadvantage. Tailoring enterprises for deprived groups The purpose of the NTS is to guarantee easy entree to many intervention, information and services for people in extremely disadvantaged groups who suffer from many smoking related injury. Research, rating and monitoring A ; surveillance The purpose of the NTS is to guarantee that research is conducted to measure the demands and place utile attacks and that appropriate systems are in topographic point to measure the cost-effectiveness of plans and policies and the extent to which these are being achieved. Harmonizing to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotions, wellness publicity actions means Building Public wellness policies, Create supportive environments, Strengthen Community actions, develop personal accomplishments, Reorient Health service and traveling into the hereafter. Build Healthy Public Policy Health publicity policy combines attacks including financial steps, revenue enhancement statute law, and organisational alteration. Health publicity policy now requires the designation of obstructions to the acceptance of healthy public policies in non-health sectors, and ways of taking them. The purpose must be to do the healthier pick the easier pick for policy shapers every bit good ( Talbot and Verrinder, 2010, erectile dysfunction. 4, p.266 ) . Create Supportive Environments The guiding rule for the universe, states, parts and communities likewise, is the demand to promote them to take attention of each other, our communities and our natural environment. The demand to conserve natural resources throughout the universe should turns into a planetary duty. Strengthen Community Actions Community development needs bing stuff and human resources in the community to better societal support and to increase public engagement in wellness affairs. This will necessitate uninterrupted entree to more information and changeless support support. Develop Personal Skills Teaching people to larn throughout their life, to fix them to manage populating with chronic unwellness and hurts is really of import. This has been maintained at place, school, work and in the community. Reorient Health Servicess Health services will be required to encompass an expanded authorization which is really sensitive and respects cultural demands. This authorization will be required to back up the demands of different persons and communities for a more fitter life. Traveling into the Future Health is created by caring for oneself and others, by being able to take determinations and have control over one ‘s life fortunes, and by guaranting that the society one lives in creates conditions that allow the attainment of wellness by all its members ( Talbot and Verrinder, 2010, erectile dysfunction. 4, p.266 ) . Progress/ Improvements In my sentiment, the National Tobacco Strategy 2004-2009 was a well designed plan but there are still countries in the plan that needs farther betterment. The effectivity of this plan is reflected on the consequences of the figure of baccy consumption in Australia since the plan started. The NTS 2004-2009, in relation to the Ottawa Charter for Health publicities has met the demands on what wellness publicity actions truly intend such as Building Healthy Public Policy and so on. The National Tobacco Strategy 2004-2009 has built on the accomplishments of the old National trust 1999 to 2003-04, Much has been achieved by the actions of the province and district authoritiess since the early 1980s and more than 30 old ages of candidacy by non-government bureaus but there is still the demand for farther betterments. It was merely until 15 old ages ago ; publicities of baccy merchandises were legion. Many immature people were invariably shown legion advertizements which portrayed smoke to be merriment and made you look sophisticated. Even though the Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act 1992 ( CDHA 2003 ) has enormously reduced advertisement through the media, many makers still continue to advance their baccy merchandises through many popular locales such as dark nines. It was merely late that the act has been reviewed and many amendments have been proposed to greatly implement limitations on current and lifting signifiers of advertisement. Adding more financess on Quit Smoking runs would assist to promote more people to discontinue smoke. This will besides increase the gross revenues of many pharmaceutical companies by promoting people to utilize their merchandises that improve the rate of people who chose to discontinue smoke. Many behavioral support services such as the state quitline now operate in many province and district but will necessitate to hold increased support if it is to manage an increasing demand from referrals from wellness professionals ; it besides needs to increase publicity in the media. Even thought there are around 80,000 people who call the Quitline in 2003 ( Kriven S, 2003 ) , but this lone nowadays a little sum of Australian tobacco users but this would besides increase if it is promoted even more. Records of baccy excise responsibility payments suggest that baccy ingestion in Australia has fallen well over the past 30 old ages since the debut of baccy control policies Among big males, smoking prevalence dropped from 45 % in 1974 to around 27 % in the late ninetiess ; among females it fell from 30 % to 23 % ( Scollo, M VCTC ) . Smoking among secondary school pupils in Australia began to worsen in the late 1980s ; it increased once more in the early to mid-1990s and declined once more at the terminal of the last decennary. The smoke around non-smokers has besides dropped significantly, with more and more workplaces censoring smoke at work. Scollo M. Annual per capita ingestion in Australia, 1903 to 2001-02. VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control, Melbourne, 2003. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vctc.org.au/tcres/PublicConsumptionEstimatesAus1901to2002.xls. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing. Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act 1992 Issues Paper. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, 2003. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.health.gov.au/pubhlth/strateg/drugs/tobacco/ consult/index.htm on August 2003. Th vitamin E Cancer Council Australia. Review of the Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act: entry on behalf of Australian wellness administrations. 2003, Melbourne: VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control. Wakefi eld M, Freeman J, and Donovan R. Recall and response of tobacco users and recent quitters to the Australian National Tobacco Campaign. Tob Control. 2003 ; 12: ( Suppl 2 ) : II15-II22 Scollo M. Towards an Australian national policy for the intervention of dependance on tobacco-delivered nicotine. 2003, Melbourne: VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control. Kriven S. Estimate of calls to the Quitline, 2003, personal communicating. 2004, Tobacco Control Research and Evaluation: Adelaide. How to cite Use Of Tobacco In Australia Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples