Domestic Pig Facts

The 600 breeds of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) on our planet today are descended from the wild boar, Sus scrofa, a process that occurred at least twice in different places between 9,000–10,000 years ago. Domesticated pigs are bred for human consumption. Pork and pork products make up the largest percentage of meat and poultry consumed in the world, representing over 40% of the worlds meat and poultry eaten in 2017.   Fast Facts: Domestic Pig Scientific Name: Sus scrofa domesticaCommon Name: Pig, hog, swineBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 7–8 feet long, 3.7–4.7 feet highWeight: 600–1,000 pounds or moreLifespan: 6 to 10 years  Diet:  OmnivoreHabitat: Pastures, farms, and commercial buildings on all continents except AntarcticaPopulation: Estimated at two billion (nearly 1 billion are slaughtered each year)Conservation Status: Sus scrofa domestica has not been evaluated by the IUCN. Description There are over 600 different breeds of domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) extant in the world. The top five most recorded in North America are American Yorkshire, Duroc, Berkshire, Hampshire, and Landrace. The most commonly produced is the American Yorkshire, a version of the English Large White pig, developed in 1761 and first imported to the U.S. in 1830.   Yorkshires are white in color and quite muscular, with a high proportion of lean meat and low back fat. Its body is covered in fine hair, and they have long snouts and erect ears. Depending on the breed, adult pigs range from seven to eight feet in length and weigh between 600 and 1,000 pounds. There are many smaller pig breeds as well.   All domestic pigs belong to the family Suidae, order Artiodactyla, kingdom Animalia, class Mammalia, phylum Chordata.   Yorkshire pigs on an organic farm. Agnormark / iStock / Getty Images Plus Habitat and Distribution Domestic pigs are found on all continents of the world, excepting Antarctica. As of 2010, the largest producers of pigs include China (about 500 million each year), US (64 million), Brazil (40 million), Germany (27 million), Vietnam (27 million), and Spain (25 million). Pigs are kept in pens, in facilities, and in open farm fields and forests, and the farms range in size from facilities with tens of thousands of animals to subsistence farms of one or two. Diet and Behavior   Pigs are omnivores and they will eat anything, meat and plants both. The digestive system of pigs is such that it can also consume bulky foods with high levels of roughage. If kept in a well-fenced field they will eat all of the plants and grass, digging into the ground to consume the roots as well. Farmers put a ring into a pigs nose to keep it from digging up the plant roots.   Domestic pigs cannot be raised solely on pastures. Their diets need to be supplemented with vegetables, corn, or other crops, and they can be fed table scraps. A permanent pasture to keep pigs is one that stays planted to grass or legumes such alfalfa and clover, and/or perennial grasses such as orchard grass, timothy, and bromegrass.   Pigs grow well on large, open-air concrete platforms, in pens with a partial-solid floor area for resting and feeding and another area with a slatted floor so manure drops through and keeps the pen clean, or on pastures supplemented with grains. They require plenty of clean water every day. Pigs are gregarious and can be quite social: but males can be aggressive and farmers typically castrate them at an early age.   Free range pigs grazing in an organic ecological farm. RonyZmiri / iStock / Getty Images Plus Reproduction and Offspring Pigs have male and female sexes, and in most modern facilities, reproduction is controlled at all steps, inducing heat in females, artificial insemination, and weaning. Most breeds of pig reach puberty (come into heat) at 5 months, but sources recommend that females not be bred until 6 months of age.   Non-pregnant sows naturally come into heat every 21 days throughout the year, and the heat lasts between 8 and 36 hours. During that period, impregnation occurs either artificially, or by the farmer introducing a boar. Once impregnated, sows give birth after three months, three weeks and three days. Sows make a nest within 24 hours before giving birth, and farrowing usually lasts between 2 to 3 hours. Healthy sows give birth to between 10 and 13 piglets twice a year. Without coaxing, piglets immediately search for an available teat on their mother, starting to feed within an hour of their birth.  They subsist on mothers milk alone for 2–3 weeks, then begin taking solid food. They can continue to take some milk until about 7 weeks, but farmers can wean them as early as 4 weeks. Males pigs are typically castrated at 2–3 weeks of age. Curious pigs in Pig Breeding farm in swine business in tidy and clean indoor housing farm with pig mother feeding piglet. Chayakorn Lotongkum / iStock / Getty Images Plus Conservation Status In 2007, the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) listed over 742 specific breeds of domestic pig in the world. Of those, 137 were listed as extinct and 130 were listed as endangered. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not list Sus scrofa domestica at all but does include nine other (non-domesticated) Sus species in the listings as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Extinct (Indo-Chinese warty pig).  Ã‚   Sources Breeds of Livestock—Yorkshire Swine. Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University.  Chapter 4: The Pig. A Manual for the Primary Animal Health Care Worker. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.  Ã‚  Global Distribution of Pigs in 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Hasheider, Philip E. How to Raise Pigs: Everything You Need to Know. Voyageur Press, 2014.Frantz, Laurent, et al. The Evolution of Suidae. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 4.1 (2016): 61–85. Print.Gilbert, Marius, et al. Global Pigs Distribution in 2010 (5 Minutes of Arc). Harvard Dataverse, 2018. Kittawornrat, Apisit, and Jeffrey J. Zimmerman. Toward a Better Understanding of Pig Behavior and Pig Welfare. Animal Health Research Reviews 12.1 (2011): 25–32. Print.Major Swine Breeds. Pork Checkoff.Pukite, John. A Field Guide to Pigs. Globe Pequot Press, 1999.

Regional Critique of North America - 1454 Words

Regional Critique of North America The North American continent is located within the Northern, and Western Hemisphere bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the East, South America to the Southeast, Arctic Ocean to the North, and Pacific Ocean to the west. North America precedes Africa and Asia in largeness since it accommodates twenty three states with diverse population and cultures. North America comprises of 41 countries with United States of America having the highest population and Montserrat (UK) having the lowest population. The major cities of United States of America are notably, New York, Ottawa, Washington, New Orleans, and Detroit. These States have different features that shape environmental and economic growth. North America therefore, has various critiques for both human and physical geography. In the book North America: The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent by Thomas F. McIlwraith, and Edward K. Muller, the writer describes North America as a continent that developed gradually over many years. However, the statement â€Å"past† and â€Å"present† are simplifies notions of our conceptions of time is inappropriate because developments and growth of the present precedes what happened in the past. Furthermore, North America is a haven of archeology, culture, parks, science museums, world’s fairs, and golf courses. These properties have been elevated for many years by tranquil environment, clean water systems together with plants, and animals found in theShow MoreRelatedThe myth of the continents: A critique of metageography- Martin W. Lewis and Kà ¤ren E. Wigen’ summary660 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The myth of the continents: A critique of metageography- Martin W. Lewis and Kà ¤ren E. 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Reflexive Relationship Management on Social Network Sites †Free Sampl

Question: Discuss about the Reflexive Relationship Management on Social Network Sites. Answer: Introduction Social network is a set of social structure used by different individuals or organizations for interaction purposes. The parties use this structure to share their ideas, interests and opinions among other things. To be specific, the social networking system is mostly used people or groups or organizations with similar cultural interests, career interests, political views, business opinions, lifestyle preferences to name a few things (Dutta et al, 2013). The social media creates a better and effective platform for them to air and share their ideas on those things (Grabher et al, 2017). Just as mentioned earlier, also business have currently started using the social media as well to perform some of their business operations. Nowadays, most business have been using the social networking system to advertise the business as well as its products and conduct promotions for the products or services. However, there are other benefits that accrue to a business when it uses social networking sy stem to perform its operations. In relation to that, the social media has become a very common and popular version for businesses to carry out their business operations (Pinho et al, 2016). It has proved to be very effective and efficient for a business that desires to achieve its goals and objectives and therefore be successful. The social networking system is a worldwide structure that promotes and enable interaction between people in different parts of the planet. There are a large number of social media platforms that have currently become popular, common and very famous for both businesses and individuals who would like to interact with each other. Some of them are: Facebook, Instagram, Vibe, Twitter, What Sapp, Pinterest, Snapchat, You Tube, LinkedIn to name just but a few. These being the most commonly used platforms, they can be used for both formal and friendly operations which makes them very important and effective for business operations. With this in mind, industries and specific businesses have become part of a growing and information and technology advancements that has enabled social networking to be easier and effective. However, for that to be possible, the social media network requires certain features like, the internet, the computer software, technical support e.g. the skill and knowledge , energy i.e. electricity, social media account which include personal or business profile among other things. In this business research, I am going to use the Coca Cola Company as the business to refer to. It is an international company whose operations are almost all parts of the world. This makes it the best example to use for the research keeping in mind that social network involves interaction around the world. In addition to that, my discussion will be based on the advantages and disadvantages of using social network in businesses. Common Types Of Social Networks Twitter A social media platform where businesses can share short text updates i.e. around 140 characters only, videos, images, links, polls to name a few. This means that it is not only an advertising and marketing platform, but it is also a very effective platform to handle and deal with customer comments and feedbacks. Businesses use twitter to attract new customers but most importantly to keep in touch and maintain its current customers. Facebook This is most common, popular and famous social media platform. It has the most number of users in world compared to other platforms. It is a platform that a new business can use to advertise itself regardless of the industry type. Facebook allows posting of videos, photos, links and other important updates about the business or product itself. Most business have a Facebook account which plays a very important role in advertising and marketing the businesss products or service. For instance, Coca Cola Company often posts videos of their products in their Facebook account with an aim of marketing them. You Tube This is social media network that allows the posting of videos and audio messages only. The users have the opportunity to view, share and comment and rate the information content which helps businesses and individual in their analysis and evaluations. When it comes to businesses using you tube for their advantage, mostly they partner with the famous and popular you tubers to help them create product position and advertise the product to their audiences. This simply because you tubers have more audiences and are more trusted by their audiences than the business itself. Therefore, the benefit that will accrue from this network is that businesses will be able to attract more customers and maintain most of its current customers as well as create its product and business position in the market. Linked In This is a platform that most businesses use for job advertisement and employee hiring. It one of the most official platforms that is used by potential employees and companies that need new employees. The businesses also use these platforms to update its audience about service qualifications and service offering. This means that it deals just with service offering. New businesses can use Linked In to advertise itself and career positions while the old companies can use it to keep in touch with possible employees. E.g., the Coca Cola Company certainly uses this platform to advertise about its agents and career building issues to its customers, potential employees and current employees. Google Is a platform where businesses display their product trends, service updates and other business operations that may be needed by customers, investors, financial analysts and auditors as well as potential employees. However, this platform is mostly used by very large, international and famous companies. Small and upcoming businesses may not be able to use this platform because it is challenging and tiresome to some point. The Coca Cola Company uses this platform to display any information that they would to be known by the public but most importantly by its customers. The other social media networks include the following: Google, whatsApp, viber, Tumblr, Reddit, snapchat, we chat, pinterest, Vine among others. These are used by businesses but not frequently. They are used by certain companies whose information may relate to what each of them offers and what benefit and audience the business intends to reach. However, they are not also commonly used or known by many people. Therefore, this makes them effective but not very important and efficient for most businesses. Advantages Of Using Social Media In Businesses For advertising and marketing purposes Businesses are using the social media networks to carry out their advertising and marketing operations through posting of images, videos, links and any other information related to the product or service. This is simply because the social media networks are always accesses by a very large number of users who may probably be the business customers or product users. The idea with this is to attract more customers and be able to update its current customers. For instance through the use of Facebook, instagram and you tube Coca Cola company has been able to keep its customers up to date on its products development and changes. Gain valuable customer insights and feedback This is mostly for the businesses that use online selling and customers that use online purchasing. Through online advertising and selling, a business will be able to get an idea of whom its customers are. What they like and how they feel about the product or service. However, this will only be possible if the customers are frequently using online buying and leaving comments about the product or service after they use it (Wu et al, 2012). This means that the business will be able to get clear customer experience and opinion about the product. This is information that helps many business grow and develop their products and services accordingly to be able to satisfy and suit customers needs. Research purposes The social media involves technological growth and advancement. Therefore, when business indulge in social media usage, it means better technological usage and therefore better research operations. In addition to that, through the social media networks businesses are able to learn about the developments of their competitors and what they can do better to create a competitive advantage over them (Anand et al, 2014). Through such research, every business will be able to improve its product and service features for it to be seen as modern and highly technologically advanced as well as create a strong and effective competitive advantage over its competitors. For connectivity Through the social media, businesses are able to keep in touch with their customers, potential employees, business analysts, financiers, investors, resource suppliers, current employees and also other businesses (Fan et al, 2014). These are the people who help business perform its operations in various ways. Therefore, keeping in touch with each of them can really play an important role in business success and objective achievement. For instance, the people involved with Coca Cola Company e.g. some of those mentioned earlier, certainly have an account in the company to ensure that they are in touch with the company at any time they are needed. Other advantages are: build relationships with other businesses and individuals, to create brand awareness and loyalty, make information sharing fast and easy to name a few. Disadvantages Time wastage The social network may seem like it is cost free but it needs a lot of time and effort commitment. This is in relation to the business profile creating. The business need to come up with the best ideas on what it wants displayed on the system and that which will attract and help it maintain its current customers. Therefore, it needs professionals and experienced profile makers to do that for it who are often expensive for their services. This involves cost and a lot of time wastage even if it is indirectly. Lack of feedback control This is in relation to bad business publicity or the negative customer comments that cause business embarrassments. Apparently, when customers do not like the product or do not receive expected satisfaction form a product they are likely going to comment negatively on the product or service. Same case applies when they find faults with the information displayed in the public about a product and what the product really is. A business faces a lot of challenges when such a situation occurs which may entice the potential customers and current customers question the credibility of the product and the whole business. This may lead to customer loss to a competitors which is a great disadvantage for the business itself. Lack of privacy Some businesses may end up displaying a lot of information for the public to see which may cost them a lot in the end of it all. The information on revenue earning, expenses, challenges and problems facing the business can be used by competitors to develop themselves and therefore gain a competitive advantage over the business in question (Pinho et al, 2016). This become a disadvantage or the business because its information will be the one being used for its own downfall. Conclusion Social network is a very useful structure for business and individuals to interact, grow and develop themselves through sharing of ideas and opinions. However, it is a very important platform for upcoming and growing businesses to learn from the large and already successful companies. It is clear that business are likely to benefit more than lose when they participate in social networking. The likely wood of fastening and increasing their growth are very high which very vital for every business. References Grabher, G. and Knig, J., 2017. Performing network theory? Reflexive relationship management on social network sites. InNetworked Governance(pp. 121-140). Springer International Publishing. Celine, A.R.C.A., 2012. Social Media Marketing benefits for businesses.Master of International Marketing. Lee, I. and Lee, I., 2011.Transformations in e-business technologies and commerce: Emerging impacts. IGI Publishing. Hoy, C., Bosserman, S. and MacDonald, R., 2016. Social networks, ecological frameworks, and local economies.Local Food Systems in Old Industrial Regions: Concepts, Spatial Context, and Local Practices, p.29. Anand, N. and Mahajan, R., 2014. A statistical analysis of social media as a new investigative tool in marketing.International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, 2 (4), pp.83-86. Wang, F., Mack, E.A. and Maciewjewski, R., 2017. Analyzing Entrepreneurial Social Networks with Big Data.Annals of the American Association of Geographers,107(1), pp.130-150. Ribeiro-Soriano, D., 2017. Small business and entrepreneurship: their role in economic and social development. Nadaraja, R. and Yazdanifard, R., 2013. Social media marketing: advantages and disadvantages.Center of Southern New Hempshire University. Wu, W.L. and Lee, Y.C., 2012. Factors influencing the behavior of the online group of Asian purchasers.International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management,6(1), pp.38-48. Krkkinen, H. and Aramo-Immonen, H., 2014. Social media utilization in business-to-business relationships of technology industry firms.Computers in Human Behavior,30, pp.606-613. Brennan, R., 2014.Business-to-business Marketing(pp. 83-86). Springer New York. Dutta, B. and Jackson, M.O. eds., 2013.Networks and groups: Models of strategic formation. Springer Science Business Media. Fan, W. and Gordon, M.D., 2014. The power of social media analytics.Communications of the ACM,57(6), pp.74-81. Iacobucci, D. and Hoeffler, S., 2016. Leveraging social networks to develop radically new products.Journal of Product Innovation Management,33(2), pp.217-223. Pinho, J.C. and Prange, C., 2016. The effect of social networks and dynamic internationalization capabilities on international performance.Journal of World Business,51(3), pp.391-403.