Nature And Nurture On Neural And Cognitive Development

Nature And Nurture On Neural And Cognitive Development From the beginning of time, a progressing banter has occurred with respect to whether the advancement of specific parts of a people life are influenced increasingly through nature or sustain. Those that contend for nature accept that qualities impact a people improvement. Those that trust in sustains impact guarantee that a people experience has a greater amount of an impact upon a teenagers demeanor. As of late, scientists have revealed proof that it isn't just nature or sustain that impacts advancement, however an intricate blend of both. This original copy will endeavor to cover a portion of the components that impact a youths neural, subjective, and enthusiastic turn of events. How much nature and sustain impact these specific parts of a people life will likewise be talked about. Finally, this original copy will quickly investigate the chance of hereditary qualities and condition off setting inadequacies in the each other. Conversation Neural Development One part of human improvement that has been engaged upon in research is that of neural turn of events. During early pre-birth neural turn of events, the mind accepts its underlying shape just as structures neurons which make an establishment for future neural turn of events. To manage this turn of events, neurons are coordinated either artificially or by different cells which go about as signs. This directing permits neurons to frame the particular areas of the mind which incorporate the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain. It is during this development neuron specialization happens in that similar cells pack together to process certain types of data like sound-related and visual. It is as yet dubious among analysts how this specialization happens with certain scientists accepting that neurons have a protomap (Rakic, 1988) while others accept that the elements of neurons are chosen by the ecological information sources got (OLeary, 1989). While most proof discovered focuses to the last outcome, there is still a lot of exploration that should be performed (Broderick Blewitt, 2010). During later pre-birth mental health, specialists have discovered that the tangible organs of the hatchling have sufficiently grown to get and decipher data from outside of the moms belly. One examination performed found that embryos demonstrated acknowledgment to a moment that a recognizable nursery rhyme was played for the mother conveying the hatchling (Decasper, Lecaneut, Busnel, Granier-Deferre, Maugeais, 1994). In another examination, scientists sewed one eye shut of a few little cats during childbirth. Half a month later, the analysts opened the shut eyes and found the little cat had been rendered irreversibly daze in that specific eye (Wiesel Hubel, 1965). This exploration gave proof that ecological neural incitement was significant for the neurons to start the associations that are required for sight which, one may accept, would be the equivalent for hearing also (Broderick Blewitt, 2010). After birth, analysts have discovered that most neural improvement is related with the formation of neurotransmitters instead of the creation of more neurons just as a pruning of discretionary neurons. This creation and pruning of neurotransmitters and neurons is an aftereffect of both the acquaintance of concoction substances with the neurons which advance synaptic development and the tangible data acquainted with the neurons because of newborn child activities and ecological components. As this tangible data is presented, neural connections are shaped to oblige this new data. Greenough and Black (1992) examined how during this period, two kinds of neural connections are made which are experience-hopeful and experience-dependant. Experience-hopeful neural connections are neurotransmitters that are overproduced in light of the fact that they are neural connections that have happened consistently inside the development of the species. It is the point at which these neural connections are not invigorated that issues, for example, what was talked about above with the little cats happen. The development of experience-dependant neurotransmitters, as the name would recommend, is dependant upon the measure of incitement accessible from the encounters of the baby. Analysts have discovered that invigorating and complex conditions have constructive outcomes upon the development of experience-dependant neural connections in rodent little guys and different warm blooded creatures (Kolb, Gibb, Robinson, 2003). The fanning focuses that are left after this procedure are an immediate aftereffect of hereditary qualities, states of the pre-birth period, nourishment, and the newborn children encounters and ecological encounters after birth. Intellectual Development The following formative zone on which this original copy will center is that of psychological turn of events. During earliest stages, one territory scientists have centered upon is a newborn children capacity to recollect and review. Scientists have discovered that newborn children as youthful as three-days-old suck harder on pacifiers when they hear their moms voice rather than that of an outsider demonstrating a feeling of acknowledgment on the babies part (DeCasper Fifer, 1980). This acknowledgment has been appeared to improve all through earliest stages. A babies acknowledgment period has been found to blur following a couple of moments or seconds (DeCasper Spence, 1986) while, in different examinations, three-month-olds have been appeared to give acknowledgment following a while (Bahrick Pickens, 1995). Similarly, review has been appeared to increment drastically once it starts. Studies have demonstrated that babies show review of basic activities as ahead of schedule as nine mo nths (Meltzhoff, 1988). Further examinations have demonstrated that 11-month-olds may review basic activities for up to a quarter of a year and 20-month-olds may review progressively complex activities for up to a year later (Bauer, 2006). Examination has additionally been preformed on subjective improvement during a people preschool years. One territory of study incorporated the childs comprehension of numbers. For instance, Antell and Keating (1983) permitted a five-month-old to look as they put a doll behind a screen and furthermore as they included one extra doll. The newborn children showed shock if there was one doll present when the screen was evacuated while those that saw two were definitely not. This would show that babies have some information on expansion and deduction. Another investigation by Gelman and Gallistel (1978) instructed youngsters to pick a plate with a bigger number of things between two plates each with a varying amount of things. After the scientists changed the manner in which the things were organized on the plate, the kids communicated shock at the change however were as yet ready to effectively pick the plate with the bigger number of things. A later report by Sigler and Ramani (2008) fo und that youngsters who were acquainted with number-based prepackaged games showed a more prominent capacity to accurately gauge a number on a number line than the individuals who messed around that did exclude numbers. These investigations give proof for both the nature and support sides of the discussion. Enthusiastic Development The last formative territory centered upon inside this composition is that of enthusiastic turn of events. At present, specialists differ upon the underlying improvement of feelings. One contention is that a newborn child is brought into the world with a lot of essential feelings straightforwardly identified with the neural procedures that are identified with the passionate articulation of the baby (Izard, 2004). For instance, on the off chance that a newborn child looks irate, at that point it is furious. In inconsistency to this hypothesis, Sroufe (1996) accepts that feelings start as undifferentiated reactions that form into separated reactions which at that point form into a passionate collection. Sroufe contends that feelings start along these lines since newborn children come up short on the psychological procedures with which to allocate enthusiastic encounters. The two speculations give sign of hereditary inceptions of a people feelings. As enthusiastic improvement proceeds, analysts have discovered that babies figure out how to direct their feelings for various circumstances. For instance, during one investigation by Jahromi, Putnam, and Stifter (2004) on newborn children passionate reactions to immunizations, the analysts saw as moms of two-month-olds calmed their babies. The specialists found that as the babies became more established the force and length of the newborn children crying diminished which demonstrates an expanding enthusiastic control as babies become more established. The scientists accepted that the adjustment in the enthusiastic control came to fruition to a degree from the moms association with the newborn child. Another investigation, by Tronick, Als, and Brazelton (1980), watched the trade as moms either reacted decidedly or adversely towards their newborn children feelings. During the trades the mother was told to react decidedly to the newborn children feelings which collected a positive enthusiastic response from the baby. The mother was then educated to quit reacting to the newborn child that accumulated what specialists alluded to as other-coordinated adapting practices which are outward appearances and vocalizations intended to attempt to get the mother to continue their past activities. As the mother proceeded with this activity the child got disappointed and participated in what the analysts alluded to as self-adapting practices, for example, thumb sucking and shaking. This exploration gives proof that a newborn children grown-up parental figure offers basic help during a babies advancement of passionate self guideline (Broderick Blewitt, 2010). Quality Expression While talking about human turn of events, the subject of why certain qualities communicate while others don't is, ordinarily, brought to the cutting edge. Every quality is comprised of alleles that a kid gets from both their mom and their dad. Alleles might be predominant or latent. In the event that a newborn child gets two predominant or two passive alleles, the baby will show those qualities. Once in a while, on account of two predominant alleles, alleles express codominance, for example, on account of a prevailing Type A blood allele and prevailing Type B blood allele the newborn child will communicate Type AB blood. In the event that a newborn child gets one predominant and one latent quality, the baby wi

The Role of Fiction in Experiments Within Design, Art Architecture Essay Example For Students

The Role of Fiction in Experiments Within Design, Art Architecture Essay Inside the most recent few years there has been an expanded enthusiasm for Design Fiction as another training or approach inside structure look into (Bleecker, 2009; DiSalvo, 2012; Grand and Wiedmer, 2010). Since the time the approach of present day structure, planners have utilized fiction as a procedure for exploring different avenues regarding elective models for society or for censuring existing ones. The fanciful urban ventures of the Futurists proposed a city where machines empowered fundamentally new types of engineering and foundation, and during the 1920s Norman Bel Geddes imagined what around then more likely than not resembled an idealistic thought: tremendous irliners shipping individuals over the Atlantic. The capacity to utilize structure fictions for theorizing about elective existences or potential prospects is at the center of configuration practice. What's going on is that it is presently asserted likewise to be a reasonable street for creating substantial information in configuration inquire about (Grand Wiedmer, 2010). In this paper, we contend that so as to build up plan fiction as a promising new way to deal with configuration inquire about, there is a need to build up a progressively point by point comprehension of the job of fiction in configuration tests. A few endeavors have just been made. DiSalvo (2012) along these lines represents two types of structure fiction as far as what he calls ‘spectacle’ and ‘trope’. While DiSalvo makes an important commitment, his treatment is unreasonably constrained for understanding different types of structure fiction. Terrific Wiedmer (2010) propose a strategy tool compartment for rehearsing structure fiction in configuration explore, yet in certainty they say next to no regarding the particularities of this methodology. Just that it might appear as ‘criticising existing technologies’ as in basic plan, ‘asking unanswerable questions’ or ‘reinterpreting the past’ by changing what is into what could be. We offer a typology, which permits us to disclose structure fictions as per 5 rules. The typology is commenced on the possibility that fiction may coordinate with reality from various perspectives in configuration tests. Since plan fictions can take numerous structures and varieties, it is basically difficult to cover them all in the stroke of one paper. Our typology is developed from 6 case extends, all of which use fiction in configuration tests offering elective models for structuring the urban condition. This typology ought to be thought of as an underlying initial move towards building an increasingly thorough system. We begin by characterizing structure fiction and talking about the job of fiction according to tests in configuration look into. Next, we represent how plan fiction is showed in the 6 case ventures. Based on our case investigations we present a table contribution an outline. At last, we fundamentally talk about our typology corresponding to related work.

Swifts Powerful Message in A Modest Proposal Essay -- Swift Modest Pr

Swifts' Powerful Message in A Modest Proposalâ â â â â â â â â â â   â In the Holy Bible, Jesus Christ expresses that there will consistently be poor, lamentable, battling masses and nothing we can do will ever totally kill this element.â Swift additionally recognizes the vagrants, however in an unexpected vein in comparison to Christ.â In A Modest Proposal, the storyteller communicates feel sorry for poor people, and yet he endeavors to keep up his social predominance over them.â According to Swift, the English-Irish everyday citizens of the time exist in a sickening state, a reality that he endeavors to make the English Parliament mindful of.â The poor that Swift alludes to are Catholics, laborers, and each vagrant, lady, and kid in the whole kingdom.â Swift is stressed that the Parliament is uninformed of the way that there is an extraordinary financial separation between the expanding number of workers and the gentry, and that this separation has ground-breaking repercussions.â Swift passes on his message in paper structure with p arody, diversion, and stun an incentive as his weapons.â Quick seeks after his primary concern in the principal section:   â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â It is a despairing item to the individuals who stroll through [Dublin]  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â  . . .at the point when they see . . .homeless people of the female sex, trailed by  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â three, four, or six kids, all in clothes and begging each  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â traveler for an alm... ... in Irish issues, and besides, the extending British Empire.â Thus A Modest Proposal doesn't present a response to the cultural issues of its day, at the end of the day brings up more questions.â Not issues of reality, yet inquiries of a significant socio-philosophical nature.â Works Cited and Consulted: Quick, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal: For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public. 1729. Rpt. in Current Issues and Enduring Questions. Ed. Foresty Barnet and Hugo Bedau. Boston, MA: St. Martin's 1996. 111-117. Johathan Swift. Bookshelf 1996-1997 Edition 1996. Disc ROM. Redmond, WA: Microsoft, 1996.

Confidence and leadership - 275 Words

Confidence and leadership (Essay Sample) Content: Confidence in Leadership Name: Instructor: Course: Date: The ability of any individual to do things without any kind of doubt in leadership is termed as confidence. The confidence level can only be improved and not by setting rules that can be followed to develop it. While every person in leadership position is required to be having this quality amongst other interpersonal skills, it is important to note that confidence is achieved by self belief, well being, skills and experience amongst others. In many instances when persons are asked to perform in roles that are not theirs, they tend to be reluctant and very shy in performing it; this is because of lack of confidence. When persuaded to go ahead and perform it they find themselves in doing it without any problem since their morale and confidence is managed in a positive way. So in whichever way it is very right to make trials in finding the better remedy of managing those with less confidence in whatever t hings they do. The major objective of this particular research is to determine the theories of leadership and how they relate with confidence levels of an individual in leadership (Davis, 2006). Another important objective is to determine the level of confidence in the relationship with the set up of the work system of an organization. The influences of confidence in achieving the team work spirit and the junior-boss relationship. There are two basic theories that apply in the context of confidence as a leadership interpersonal skill. It includes the Theory X where many leaders always make an assumption that their followers are people who will never take their work seriously and thus they must always be supervised and directed to work. This kind of theory can only be avoided by leaders who are confident enough and those with strong self-confidence that can easily boost the morale of their followers (Winkler, 2010). Another theory is Theory Y where leaders always a ssume that there juniors will do the right thing at the right time. However, in fulfillment of these theories as used by leaders, many approaches apply in achieving them. The most important approach that closely correlates with the concept of confidence in leadership is the trait approaches. It helps in managing the self esteem, confidence, integrity and decisiveness of any leader who possesses them. Another major approach that supports the confidence level of any leader is the ability to complement his leadership style with behavioral approach which will enable his leadership ability to be focused so as to help in accomplishing his or her task on time (Winkler, 2010). The decision making of any leader is judged when he or she possesses stronger sense of contingency or situational approach. This will drive the leader’s sense of making quality decision that his or her followers can adhere to and accept. The normative model is easily applied in decision making therefore making leaders possess positive confidence in their undertakings. The styles of leadership may vary depending on how best they are able to apply it in both favorable and unfavorable situations. That leader who is considered best is the one who is able to set his task and give directives of following and fulfilling them. In his or her own undertakings the kind of relationship that a leader has should be able to capture his or her relation with others in a perfect way. The path goal theory makes a leader to have positive influence to his followers in a way that they feel motivated. It easily blends with the higher level of confidence in leadership thus resulting into directive, supportive and achievement oriented kind of leadership style. Taking roles in leadership becomes a better way of moving forward in managing confidence especially to leaders who find themselves in positions that they are unfamiliar with. The level of one’s confidence varies from various from one situation to the other and one person to the other. There are people who are very much comfortable in the company of one group than the other group or strangers (Hayes, 2002). This may be possible when there is no enough orientation is given in that particular situations so as to the levels of nervousness. When it is very much okay with some people especially at work situations, it is very much opposite when it comes to the social life when their level of confidence goes drastically down. In leadership it is always correct when the person in charge is able to maintain the equilibrium of being both optimistic and positive especially when faced with difficult situations and not to relent, although this very common in some people who find it uneasy to face challenges with full confidence . Many a times leaders find it very frustrating and embarrassing to address the public which is a basic function of any person in that position of leadership to have one on one with the public eit her when things are at ease or when things change to the difficult side. The confidence in doing this is not gained in a flash, but it requires adequate preparation and the kind of the base of experience that the person involved has. The best way to overcome this is to get away of controlling the anxiety fully without walking away from it. When any person involved in this can be able to diffuse any level of fear then there are higher probabilities of having full confidence. The most useful fact that should be known by any person is that even most confident people may be having that kind of nervousness deep within them and therefore it is not a crime, what matters is how any person can be able to control it. People are advised to understand that any person can feel insecure regardless of how strong or low he feels in terms of confidence level. This kind of nervousness is even experienced with those who are used to facing public in their day to day career life; they include actors, si ngers, and those media personalities. There are instances where a person may be fully prepared for any action that may require full confidence in performance, but when the real time comes they tend to be in less confidence but their control and technique takes over. This adequate preparation can easily help in managing people when they are faced with such situations. Never let the negative side of the confidence that is attributed by nervousness show itself and the only way possible is to stay positive and be in control so that the fear may disappear (Matthews, 2012). There are many researched ways that can be easily applied in managing confidence in leadership. These ways include the gain of control of oneself when performing their duty as leaders in various capacities. It is important when a person finds a trusted friend whom he can discuss his or her concern with; it becomes really necessary that when it becomes apparent that you will be facing difficulties wh en facing the whole situation in leadership. Always find a better way of putting down the most preferred attributes that you believe in and this will contribute positively in self belief. Another important way to raise ones level of confidence is by avoiding incidences of being a complainer. It is always good when it is noted that everyone else on earth has his or her unique problems, in particular incidence that may put a person on the negative side always exposes them into situations that are more of cutting them from the real solution thus making people to always feel unease with them. Any leader who is willing to boost his confidence level should find an appropriate way of learning on how to relax as well as allowing time for them any day. This practice may take the shortest time possible to learn and the major ways of achieving this is mainly being quiet and to unwind (Steinfeld, 2002). Moreover, the level of confidence in any leadership position can be boosted when the level o f morale is also boosted. There are instances when the hurdles are passed and in these situations it is very important when you take time to treat yourself so as to boost your morale levels. These should not be very expensive; it should be relatively cheaper, let people praise you for any good job done and never praise yourself. The kind of the praises given should be justified and should always be from trusted sources so as to ascertain how genuine they are. When conducting preparations and practice for the confidence suitability, it is important when the practice of positive power is availed so that tension and nervousness is routinely checked. Physiologically when an individual is nervous, the level of adrenaline is raised throughout the body and this result in high alertness. The more the adrenaline level the more the amount of energy that can rather be used in performing important aspects of communication that is achieved by appropriate enthusiasm and intens ity (Steinfeld, 2002). It is important to appreciate that every person in the whole world has confidence and this can only be achieved when adequate preparation is done in achieving it, be it in an informal or formal set ups. The level of personality is always raised when the level of confidence is maintained positively; use of visual images can be integrated in the presentations so as to achieve an improvement in the level of the confidence. The leadership styles that are considered important in the organization is closely linked with the higher levels of confidence therefore without confidence, there is no leadership. Leadership is closely anchored in confidence level that a person has in whatever position he or she is put in. The confidence is the driving force behind any positive leadership aspect that may be required. It is the foundation of any stronger leadership style that is considered good by all standards; it brings passion, empowerment and better communication terms. It instills the sense of ma...

Domestic Pig Facts

The 600 breeds of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) on our planet today are descended from the wild boar, Sus scrofa, a process that occurred at least twice in different places between 9,000–10,000 years ago. Domesticated pigs are bred for human consumption. Pork and pork products make up the largest percentage of meat and poultry consumed in the world, representing over 40% of the worlds meat and poultry eaten in 2017.   Fast Facts: Domestic Pig Scientific Name: Sus scrofa domesticaCommon Name: Pig, hog, swineBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 7–8 feet long, 3.7–4.7 feet highWeight: 600–1,000 pounds or moreLifespan: 6 to 10 years  Diet:  OmnivoreHabitat: Pastures, farms, and commercial buildings on all continents except AntarcticaPopulation: Estimated at two billion (nearly 1 billion are slaughtered each year)Conservation Status: Sus scrofa domestica has not been evaluated by the IUCN. Description There are over 600 different breeds of domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) extant in the world. The top five most recorded in North America are American Yorkshire, Duroc, Berkshire, Hampshire, and Landrace. The most commonly produced is the American Yorkshire, a version of the English Large White pig, developed in 1761 and first imported to the U.S. in 1830.   Yorkshires are white in color and quite muscular, with a high proportion of lean meat and low back fat. Its body is covered in fine hair, and they have long snouts and erect ears. Depending on the breed, adult pigs range from seven to eight feet in length and weigh between 600 and 1,000 pounds. There are many smaller pig breeds as well.   All domestic pigs belong to the family Suidae, order Artiodactyla, kingdom Animalia, class Mammalia, phylum Chordata.   Yorkshire pigs on an organic farm. Agnormark / iStock / Getty Images Plus Habitat and Distribution Domestic pigs are found on all continents of the world, excepting Antarctica. As of 2010, the largest producers of pigs include China (about 500 million each year), US (64 million), Brazil (40 million), Germany (27 million), Vietnam (27 million), and Spain (25 million). Pigs are kept in pens, in facilities, and in open farm fields and forests, and the farms range in size from facilities with tens of thousands of animals to subsistence farms of one or two. Diet and Behavior   Pigs are omnivores and they will eat anything, meat and plants both. The digestive system of pigs is such that it can also consume bulky foods with high levels of roughage. If kept in a well-fenced field they will eat all of the plants and grass, digging into the ground to consume the roots as well. Farmers put a ring into a pigs nose to keep it from digging up the plant roots.   Domestic pigs cannot be raised solely on pastures. Their diets need to be supplemented with vegetables, corn, or other crops, and they can be fed table scraps. A permanent pasture to keep pigs is one that stays planted to grass or legumes such alfalfa and clover, and/or perennial grasses such as orchard grass, timothy, and bromegrass.   Pigs grow well on large, open-air concrete platforms, in pens with a partial-solid floor area for resting and feeding and another area with a slatted floor so manure drops through and keeps the pen clean, or on pastures supplemented with grains. They require plenty of clean water every day. Pigs are gregarious and can be quite social: but males can be aggressive and farmers typically castrate them at an early age.   Free range pigs grazing in an organic ecological farm. RonyZmiri / iStock / Getty Images Plus Reproduction and Offspring Pigs have male and female sexes, and in most modern facilities, reproduction is controlled at all steps, inducing heat in females, artificial insemination, and weaning. Most breeds of pig reach puberty (come into heat) at 5 months, but sources recommend that females not be bred until 6 months of age.   Non-pregnant sows naturally come into heat every 21 days throughout the year, and the heat lasts between 8 and 36 hours. During that period, impregnation occurs either artificially, or by the farmer introducing a boar. Once impregnated, sows give birth after three months, three weeks and three days. Sows make a nest within 24 hours before giving birth, and farrowing usually lasts between 2 to 3 hours. Healthy sows give birth to between 10 and 13 piglets twice a year. Without coaxing, piglets immediately search for an available teat on their mother, starting to feed within an hour of their birth.  They subsist on mothers milk alone for 2–3 weeks, then begin taking solid food. They can continue to take some milk until about 7 weeks, but farmers can wean them as early as 4 weeks. Males pigs are typically castrated at 2–3 weeks of age. Curious pigs in Pig Breeding farm in swine business in tidy and clean indoor housing farm with pig mother feeding piglet. Chayakorn Lotongkum / iStock / Getty Images Plus Conservation Status In 2007, the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) listed over 742 specific breeds of domestic pig in the world. Of those, 137 were listed as extinct and 130 were listed as endangered. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not list Sus scrofa domestica at all but does include nine other (non-domesticated) Sus species in the listings as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Extinct (Indo-Chinese warty pig).  Ã‚   Sources Breeds of Livestock—Yorkshire Swine. Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University.  Chapter 4: The Pig. A Manual for the Primary Animal Health Care Worker. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.  Ã‚  Global Distribution of Pigs in 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Hasheider, Philip E. How to Raise Pigs: Everything You Need to Know. Voyageur Press, 2014.Frantz, Laurent, et al. The Evolution of Suidae. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 4.1 (2016): 61–85. Print.Gilbert, Marius, et al. Global Pigs Distribution in 2010 (5 Minutes of Arc). Harvard Dataverse, 2018. Kittawornrat, Apisit, and Jeffrey J. Zimmerman. Toward a Better Understanding of Pig Behavior and Pig Welfare. Animal Health Research Reviews 12.1 (2011): 25–32. Print.Major Swine Breeds. Pork Checkoff.Pukite, John. A Field Guide to Pigs. Globe Pequot Press, 1999.

Regional Critique of North America - 1454 Words

Regional Critique of North America The North American continent is located within the Northern, and Western Hemisphere bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the East, South America to the Southeast, Arctic Ocean to the North, and Pacific Ocean to the west. North America precedes Africa and Asia in largeness since it accommodates twenty three states with diverse population and cultures. North America comprises of 41 countries with United States of America having the highest population and Montserrat (UK) having the lowest population. The major cities of United States of America are notably, New York, Ottawa, Washington, New Orleans, and Detroit. These States have different features that shape environmental and economic growth. North America therefore, has various critiques for both human and physical geography. In the book North America: The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent by Thomas F. McIlwraith, and Edward K. Muller, the writer describes North America as a continent that developed gradually over many years. However, the statement â€Å"past† and â€Å"present† are simplifies notions of our conceptions of time is inappropriate because developments and growth of the present precedes what happened in the past. Furthermore, North America is a haven of archeology, culture, parks, science museums, world’s fairs, and golf courses. These properties have been elevated for many years by tranquil environment, clean water systems together with plants, and animals found in theShow MoreRelatedThe myth of the continents: A critique of metageography- Martin W. Lewis and Kà ¤ren E. Wigen’ summary660 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The myth of the continents: A critique of metageography- Martin W. Lewis and Kà ¤ren E. 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Reflexive Relationship Management on Social Network Sites †Free Sampl

Question: Discuss about the Reflexive Relationship Management on Social Network Sites. Answer: Introduction Social network is a set of social structure used by different individuals or organizations for interaction purposes. The parties use this structure to share their ideas, interests and opinions among other things. To be specific, the social networking system is mostly used people or groups or organizations with similar cultural interests, career interests, political views, business opinions, lifestyle preferences to name a few things (Dutta et al, 2013). The social media creates a better and effective platform for them to air and share their ideas on those things (Grabher et al, 2017). Just as mentioned earlier, also business have currently started using the social media as well to perform some of their business operations. Nowadays, most business have been using the social networking system to advertise the business as well as its products and conduct promotions for the products or services. However, there are other benefits that accrue to a business when it uses social networking sy stem to perform its operations. In relation to that, the social media has become a very common and popular version for businesses to carry out their business operations (Pinho et al, 2016). It has proved to be very effective and efficient for a business that desires to achieve its goals and objectives and therefore be successful. The social networking system is a worldwide structure that promotes and enable interaction between people in different parts of the planet. There are a large number of social media platforms that have currently become popular, common and very famous for both businesses and individuals who would like to interact with each other. Some of them are: Facebook, Instagram, Vibe, Twitter, What Sapp, Pinterest, Snapchat, You Tube, LinkedIn to name just but a few. These being the most commonly used platforms, they can be used for both formal and friendly operations which makes them very important and effective for business operations. With this in mind, industries and specific businesses have become part of a growing and information and technology advancements that has enabled social networking to be easier and effective. However, for that to be possible, the social media network requires certain features like, the internet, the computer software, technical support e.g. the skill and knowledge , energy i.e. electricity, social media account which include personal or business profile among other things. In this business research, I am going to use the Coca Cola Company as the business to refer to. It is an international company whose operations are almost all parts of the world. This makes it the best example to use for the research keeping in mind that social network involves interaction around the world. In addition to that, my discussion will be based on the advantages and disadvantages of using social network in businesses. Common Types Of Social Networks Twitter A social media platform where businesses can share short text updates i.e. around 140 characters only, videos, images, links, polls to name a few. This means that it is not only an advertising and marketing platform, but it is also a very effective platform to handle and deal with customer comments and feedbacks. Businesses use twitter to attract new customers but most importantly to keep in touch and maintain its current customers. Facebook This is most common, popular and famous social media platform. It has the most number of users in world compared to other platforms. It is a platform that a new business can use to advertise itself regardless of the industry type. Facebook allows posting of videos, photos, links and other important updates about the business or product itself. Most business have a Facebook account which plays a very important role in advertising and marketing the businesss products or service. For instance, Coca Cola Company often posts videos of their products in their Facebook account with an aim of marketing them. You Tube This is social media network that allows the posting of videos and audio messages only. The users have the opportunity to view, share and comment and rate the information content which helps businesses and individual in their analysis and evaluations. When it comes to businesses using you tube for their advantage, mostly they partner with the famous and popular you tubers to help them create product position and advertise the product to their audiences. This simply because you tubers have more audiences and are more trusted by their audiences than the business itself. Therefore, the benefit that will accrue from this network is that businesses will be able to attract more customers and maintain most of its current customers as well as create its product and business position in the market. Linked In This is a platform that most businesses use for job advertisement and employee hiring. It one of the most official platforms that is used by potential employees and companies that need new employees. The businesses also use these platforms to update its audience about service qualifications and service offering. This means that it deals just with service offering. New businesses can use Linked In to advertise itself and career positions while the old companies can use it to keep in touch with possible employees. E.g., the Coca Cola Company certainly uses this platform to advertise about its agents and career building issues to its customers, potential employees and current employees. Google Is a platform where businesses display their product trends, service updates and other business operations that may be needed by customers, investors, financial analysts and auditors as well as potential employees. However, this platform is mostly used by very large, international and famous companies. Small and upcoming businesses may not be able to use this platform because it is challenging and tiresome to some point. The Coca Cola Company uses this platform to display any information that they would to be known by the public but most importantly by its customers. The other social media networks include the following: Google, whatsApp, viber, Tumblr, Reddit, snapchat, we chat, pinterest, Vine among others. These are used by businesses but not frequently. They are used by certain companies whose information may relate to what each of them offers and what benefit and audience the business intends to reach. However, they are not also commonly used or known by many people. Therefore, this makes them effective but not very important and efficient for most businesses. Advantages Of Using Social Media In Businesses For advertising and marketing purposes Businesses are using the social media networks to carry out their advertising and marketing operations through posting of images, videos, links and any other information related to the product or service. This is simply because the social media networks are always accesses by a very large number of users who may probably be the business customers or product users. The idea with this is to attract more customers and be able to update its current customers. For instance through the use of Facebook, instagram and you tube Coca Cola company has been able to keep its customers up to date on its products development and changes. Gain valuable customer insights and feedback This is mostly for the businesses that use online selling and customers that use online purchasing. Through online advertising and selling, a business will be able to get an idea of whom its customers are. What they like and how they feel about the product or service. However, this will only be possible if the customers are frequently using online buying and leaving comments about the product or service after they use it (Wu et al, 2012). This means that the business will be able to get clear customer experience and opinion about the product. This is information that helps many business grow and develop their products and services accordingly to be able to satisfy and suit customers needs. Research purposes The social media involves technological growth and advancement. Therefore, when business indulge in social media usage, it means better technological usage and therefore better research operations. In addition to that, through the social media networks businesses are able to learn about the developments of their competitors and what they can do better to create a competitive advantage over them (Anand et al, 2014). Through such research, every business will be able to improve its product and service features for it to be seen as modern and highly technologically advanced as well as create a strong and effective competitive advantage over its competitors. For connectivity Through the social media, businesses are able to keep in touch with their customers, potential employees, business analysts, financiers, investors, resource suppliers, current employees and also other businesses (Fan et al, 2014). These are the people who help business perform its operations in various ways. Therefore, keeping in touch with each of them can really play an important role in business success and objective achievement. For instance, the people involved with Coca Cola Company e.g. some of those mentioned earlier, certainly have an account in the company to ensure that they are in touch with the company at any time they are needed. Other advantages are: build relationships with other businesses and individuals, to create brand awareness and loyalty, make information sharing fast and easy to name a few. Disadvantages Time wastage The social network may seem like it is cost free but it needs a lot of time and effort commitment. This is in relation to the business profile creating. The business need to come up with the best ideas on what it wants displayed on the system and that which will attract and help it maintain its current customers. Therefore, it needs professionals and experienced profile makers to do that for it who are often expensive for their services. This involves cost and a lot of time wastage even if it is indirectly. Lack of feedback control This is in relation to bad business publicity or the negative customer comments that cause business embarrassments. Apparently, when customers do not like the product or do not receive expected satisfaction form a product they are likely going to comment negatively on the product or service. Same case applies when they find faults with the information displayed in the public about a product and what the product really is. A business faces a lot of challenges when such a situation occurs which may entice the potential customers and current customers question the credibility of the product and the whole business. This may lead to customer loss to a competitors which is a great disadvantage for the business itself. Lack of privacy Some businesses may end up displaying a lot of information for the public to see which may cost them a lot in the end of it all. The information on revenue earning, expenses, challenges and problems facing the business can be used by competitors to develop themselves and therefore gain a competitive advantage over the business in question (Pinho et al, 2016). This become a disadvantage or the business because its information will be the one being used for its own downfall. Conclusion Social network is a very useful structure for business and individuals to interact, grow and develop themselves through sharing of ideas and opinions. However, it is a very important platform for upcoming and growing businesses to learn from the large and already successful companies. It is clear that business are likely to benefit more than lose when they participate in social networking. The likely wood of fastening and increasing their growth are very high which very vital for every business. References Grabher, G. and Knig, J., 2017. Performing network theory? Reflexive relationship management on social network sites. InNetworked Governance(pp. 121-140). Springer International Publishing. Celine, A.R.C.A., 2012. Social Media Marketing benefits for businesses.Master of International Marketing. Lee, I. and Lee, I., 2011.Transformations in e-business technologies and commerce: Emerging impacts. IGI Publishing. Hoy, C., Bosserman, S. and MacDonald, R., 2016. Social networks, ecological frameworks, and local economies.Local Food Systems in Old Industrial Regions: Concepts, Spatial Context, and Local Practices, p.29. Anand, N. and Mahajan, R., 2014. A statistical analysis of social media as a new investigative tool in marketing.International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, 2 (4), pp.83-86. Wang, F., Mack, E.A. and Maciewjewski, R., 2017. Analyzing Entrepreneurial Social Networks with Big Data.Annals of the American Association of Geographers,107(1), pp.130-150. Ribeiro-Soriano, D., 2017. Small business and entrepreneurship: their role in economic and social development. Nadaraja, R. and Yazdanifard, R., 2013. Social media marketing: advantages and disadvantages.Center of Southern New Hempshire University. Wu, W.L. and Lee, Y.C., 2012. Factors influencing the behavior of the online group of Asian purchasers.International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management,6(1), pp.38-48. Krkkinen, H. and Aramo-Immonen, H., 2014. Social media utilization in business-to-business relationships of technology industry firms.Computers in Human Behavior,30, pp.606-613. Brennan, R., 2014.Business-to-business Marketing(pp. 83-86). Springer New York. Dutta, B. and Jackson, M.O. eds., 2013.Networks and groups: Models of strategic formation. Springer Science Business Media. Fan, W. and Gordon, M.D., 2014. The power of social media analytics.Communications of the ACM,57(6), pp.74-81. Iacobucci, D. and Hoeffler, S., 2016. Leveraging social networks to develop radically new products.Journal of Product Innovation Management,33(2), pp.217-223. Pinho, J.C. and Prange, C., 2016. The effect of social networks and dynamic internationalization capabilities on international performance.Journal of World Business,51(3), pp.391-403.

Internal Medicine Essay Example

Internal Medicine Paper Every person has a distinct definition of success that differs from the perspective of others. For some, success is a word that is closely attributed to being famous and earning a lot of money; for others, it is a word used to having a high position in the company that they are working for. Personally, I define success as being able to accomplish what is tasked of me and at the same manner, being able to contribute to the society in my own little way. The lesser the fame, the better. This sounds surreal, but it is true. My name is (insert your name here) and I am looking forward to studying at (insert name of school here). I am a person full of conviction and passion in this field because I wanted to serve people in the society. I love giving back the knowledge and expertise that I have to those people who really needed my assistance. Stepping a level in this field of will surely make me achieve those goals. At a very young age, I was able to realize the importance and the power of medicine. Looking back on my younger years, I met an accident when I was four as me and my brother walks across the street. I was struck by the fender of an Oldsmobile and fractured my femur. We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Medicine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Medicine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Medicine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It took several months before I was able to recover from such experience. But then I came to understand more about life and how one should value medicines power to heal. My personal experiences and academic background made me learn the importance of Internal Medicine in every society. I graduated from (insert name of your previous school). Being a student, I am really fascinated in Science subjects and drew more interest about the human mind and body when I went to college. Whenever I rotate on the wards, I see how important medicine is in the treatment sand recovery of patients. I was keenly aware of the gravity and importance of a healthcare teams work. This is my passion and upon seeing myself years from now, I feel overwhelmed and blessed of what I can do for others. Once I reach such position I will also do my best to build rapport to patients so that they will refer me to other friends and relatives. Having a good relationship with your patients is necessary in order for the problem to be solved immediately. Aside from that, I believe that I am competent enough in studying more about Internal Medicine which will help me in my future endeavors. I wanted to bring back the glory not only by educating my patients but also by teaching students of all ages outside of the hospital. In my college statistics course, for example, I took it upon myself to tutor students that were struggling with the material. Many had taken the course already and failed, but after working together each student I helped got a B or above. Fulfilled by this chance to give back to the community, I took on more tutoring work, specializing in students who came from poorer schools. I found this work even more stimulating than my research, because of the personal bonds I formed with my students. The communication skills I developed through teaching will serve me well as a resident and throughout my career. My greatest asset though is my heartfelt desire to provide medical help for those in need. Choosing to study in this respectable institution will ease the path towards brighter opportunities in the future for me. I believe that this university is capable of making students the best among the rest in giving nursing services. It has wide array of educational resources and expert professors that will hone promising students like me. I believe that my passion and my hard work will give me a reputable place in the profession. I believe that this is the right time to step to another level of my life. I am a very optimistic, sincere, dedicated, enthusiastic, compassionate and hard working person and I believe that these qualities will made me reach the top of the ladder in the future. Physical medicine and Rehabilitation Always reach for the star. That is my ultimate goal in life. Personal experiences gave me learning and responsibilities that molded me to be what I am now. My endeavor in life that I wished to happen at the right time comes with great purpose. I am confident that being admitted in your institution has the capability of making students to stretch beyond the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation degree. I take one step at a time to manage my skills in a way that will lead to further enhancement and development. Life is a roller coaster and there are certain events where my abilities are put into test which later on taught me how strong I should be. I met an accident when I was four years old. That accident which fractured my femur made me understand the importance of this field of medicine. Ever since, I have wanted a career in which I too can help people achieve optimum function when recovering from similar experiences. I know firsthand that rehabilitation can be difficult, and I am committed to helping others regain dreams that seem lost. My third year of studies in (insert name of your medical school here), I experienced surgery and internal medicine rotations which enticed me to pursue physical medicine and rehabilitation. I want more exposure in dealing with cases of PM R. during the two PMR elective rotations I have at Elmhurst Hospital, we are immersed clinically, we are able to observe and rationalize for ourselves what the needs of the people for this specific time are. At the same time, it helps us to predict whatever it is that we need to accomplish in order for us to prevent certain dilemmas. Having those experiences like helping patients walk after surgery or move their limbs when in a rigid state would also help us to be more aware and careful of the lines that may be drawn while trying to accomplish the desired goals. I am keenly aware of the gravity and importance of a healthcare teams work. As such, I try to remain a consummate professional while achieving an intimate rapport with patients. I am careful in explaining treatments and diagnosis since I firmly believe that each patient has a unique individual story that drives me to work harder. Life is a give and take process and just as I enjoy educating patients about their health, I also find satisfaction in teaching students of all ages outside of the hospital. One example of this is my college statistics course; I tutored students that were struggling with the material that they have. Majority had taken the course already and failed, but after aiding those students they got B grades or above. I developed my communication skills through teaching and this will serve me well as a resident and throughout my career. In addition to my ability to listen and convey ideas clearly, I have a flair for solving complex problems. I also pride myself in my ability to get along well with others. I thrive when doing group work in service of a higher cause. Going to school in Grenada, for example, when a hurricane devastated the island, I immediately volunteered for GR3Grenada Relief, Recovery. Partnering with Humanity International, wse built temporary homes. The labor was demanding, but I enjoyed working as part of a team, and the results of our labor more than justified the effort. I am seeking a residency program that will provide a solid foundation in the clinical practice of rehabilitation medicine. In addition to structured training, I look forward to working with a diverse population in multiple facilities. My ideal learning environment will encourage close patient interaction. After my residency, I plan to continue my education with fellowship training in musculoskeletal or sports medicine. Eventually, I aspire to a career in clinical medicine with opportunities to do clinical research. I am passionate about restoring human function to those in needs, and am eager to acquire the vast amount of medical knowledge necessary to do so. Surgery Personal Statement Some say that life is filled with a lot of disappointments. There are disappointments that can normally make or break somebodys life. With the experiences that one has, it is sometimes unavoidable that they try and give up on everything, especially when they feel that their world has crumbled down on them. According to Denis Didero, an 18th Century French Philosopher, â€Å"only passions, great passions, can elevate the soul to great things†. Hearing about this saying made me realize that life is not as bad as it may seem. It made me realized that there is more to life than what you can see and do. I always have this inclination to activities that requires dexterity and advanced critical and analytical reasoning. As a kid, I used my nimble fingers to assemble everything from bikes and model cars to computers, and when I began medical school I was eager to use this manual agility to help others in life or death matters. It seemed miraculous that I literally held the power to heal in my hands, and I knew I wanted to devote the rest of my life to surgery. At our early age, we tend to migrate to the fact that life becomes more and more realistic as we get older. The usual things that make us smile and be proud of ourselves tend to change as we go on and experience new and exciting things. I for one, am a very dedicated student and a very loving child to my parents. I love the adventure and the thrill of discovering new ideas everyday. Reaching out and helping other people to the best of my ability, has always been one of my greatest passions. I cant stand the sight of having someone fall down and not have anyone to help them out. Even as a young kid, I have always been searching for relevant answers as to why and how certain things happen to older people. As the perseverant type determined to succeed, I soon find answers to all of my queries. My love and solid appreciation for the gravity of a surgeons work. It made me more motivated to go out of this world and help people in my own way. I believe that being able to devote my specialization in this field will help me grow as a person and fulfill my dreams. With a solid appreciation for the gravity of a surgeons work, I remained devoted to the specialty throughout medical school. I assisted in 27 surgeries in this time, each of which involved meticulous care in the handling of scalpels and laparascopes. As I developed these technical skills, I also strived to improve my personal interactions with patients. I worked to achieve an intimate rapport with each patient, and was careful to explain each treatment and diagnosis thoroughly. Each patients individual story drove me to work harder. Fulfilled by this chance to give back to the community, I took on more tutoring work, specializing in students who came from poorer schools. I found this work even more stimulating than my research, because of the personal bonds I formed with my students. The communication skills I developed through teaching will serve me well as a resident and throughout my career. In addition to my ability to listen and convey ideas clearly, I have a flair for solving complex problems. I also pride myself in my ability to get along well with others. I thrive when doing group work in service of a higher cause. Going to school in Grenada, for example, when a hurricane devastated the island, I immediately volunteered for GR3Grenada Relief, Recovery. Partnering with Humanity International, we built temporary homes. The labor was demanding, but I enjoyed working as part of a team, and the results of our labor more than justified the effort. I know that being able to fulfill my dreams entails a lot from ones end. Sacrifices have to be made, and this means that I have to be more determined than ever to succeed. My greatest asset though is my heartfelt desire to provide medical help for those in need. After my residency, I plan on balancing a primarily clinical career with research and teaching opportunities. I know I will enjoy all of the work I do to promote greatest physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing in patients. My dreams are just a few years away from me—and it is up to your good institution to help me fulfill that dream for me to become a complete person..

Man in the Mirror Essay

Man in the Mirror Essay Man in the Mirror Essay Man in the Mirror – Michael Jackson Feb 5th 2013 Tori Gonsalves This song has to be my all-time favourite. It tells us that in order to make a change you have to start with yourself, and the rest will follow. In some way everyone can relate to this song. We all have these big dreams and imagine these amazing things, but nothing will ever happen unless you start with yourself, no one else can make those dreams come true, only you. â€Å"Be the change you wish to see in the world- Gandhi.† Man in the Mirror ties in with this course because with Sole we are trying to get more people involved with the community we live in. You have to start with yourself and then get everyone involved, leaving no one out. â€Å"Gotta make a change. For once in my life. Its gonna feel real good. Gonna make a difference. Gonna make it right.† This verse relates so much to the course because we are trying to make a difference in many lives. We are going to be giving back to a community, and no matter what that we will make a change not in lives of those w e help but of our own. It will give us a feeling that we will be unable to explain in words. This song relates to who I am and who I want to become because I want to be able to make a difference in the lives of many. I know that if I want to be the difference that I need to start with myself. I am my biggest competition; the only person that will hold me back from my dreams is I. But I am also my biggest fan. I know that I can do anything I put my mind too as long as I put forth my best

A Kuwaiti Investor's Market Analysis of New York Assignment

A Kuwaiti Investor's Market Analysis of New York - Assignment Example Cultural analysis of the State of New York: New York is arguably one of the most important and famous cities in the world and has been an important center of trade for numerous years. Geographically, it lies in the north eastern region of the USA, bordered nationally by the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, Long Island and Rhode Island. It also shares an international border with Canada in the north (Sutcliffe 67). New York’s climate is described as humid continental with diverse weather patterns across the state and at different times of the year. It has humid summers and long cold winters. Two aspects describe the topography of New York; Appalachian highlands and low lying areas where the most important cities are. New York City is situated on the coastal lowland (Silverman et al. 2). The social description of New York can begin with the family setting where it is observed that nuclear families abound in the urban and suburban areas whi le extended families reside in the rural areas. A single description for the dynamics of the family in New York is impossible given the diversity present though generally parents share the responsibility of raising children and ensuring the wellbeing of the family. In most cases especially in the cities, both parents are employed or seek jobs to take care of their family. In terms of education, New York has one of the lowest teacher-student ratios in the USA besides also being the biggest spender per student at the elementary and secondary levels (Scott, 2010). New York bears the largest public university system in the USA in State University of New York (SUNY), a series of top ranked universities covering 64 campuses, over a million students and annual enrolments of half a million students. The education system is thus well established. The political system of New York integrates into part of the federal US government and a state government (Ward 2). The state government has an exe cutive, a bicameral legislature and a judiciary (95). The urban areas are major Democrat strongholds while the non-urban areas are more inclined to Republican politics (Schneier, Murtaugh and Pole 60). The state government deals with internal affairs including state laws and bylaws, regulation of trade and law enforcement among other issues. The legal system of the state is based upon common English law (Ward 161; Manz, Gibson and Spencer 7). The Federal Trade Commission handles most patenting and marketing issues. The diet and nutrition of New Yorkers also varies according to whether one is in the urban or farmland regions. The trends in the city revolve around eating out and fast food chains are quite popular. The typical meals in this state are mainly fast foods; pizzas, French fries and burgers among similar foods. There however are other foods available from the farmlands including vegetables such as lettuce and whole meals but all constraints in the supply chain mean that most urban New Yorkers can only access fast foods easily. Economic Analysis: According to the 2010 census figures, New York has a population of 19.3 million and is ranked the third most populous state in the USA. Distribution of

International personnel and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International personnel and development - Essay Example recruitment and selection process, management development and performance appraisal has a significant effect on the international reward and compensation packages a company is offering to the expatriates. Therefore, international HR management should take it as a challenge to avoid possible weak points in its international reward and compensation packages. To avoid legal issues in other countries, the company should exert an effort to make sure that its international HR management group will comply with the labour laws in its five major business group. Basically, the role and responsibility of international HR management does not end in sending out expatriates on international assignment, this group of individuals should also develop and implement competitive repatriation packages to prolong the long-term benefits of LVMH’s increasing number of expatriates. Established in 1971, LVMH expanded its business to become the leading luxury brand conglomerate in the world. As a successful aggregate confederacy of brands, LVMH is now composed of 50 companies that are directly managing 450 subsidiaries in the world market (p. 319). Handling its subsidiaries, each of the 50 companies is composed of a President and Executive Committee monitors the business activities of each subsidiary. Although LVMH acknowledges the importance of being multi-cultural when managing its businesses all over the world, LVMH’s human resource department is encountering challenges related to the company’s existing career development strategies due to lack of international experience. Employing a total of 56,000 employees in different countries, the HR department of LVMH is challenged to attract, develop and retain competitive managers with global competence by improving the company’s HR strategies related to career development and international mobility options. Engaged by the Corporate Head Quarters as a Principal Consultant with McStrategy Consulting expertise, a literature-based

Managing Role Stress as a nurse Essay Example for Free

Managing Role Stress as a nurse Essay Role Stress is the number one reason nurses leave the nursing field (Chang, Hancock, Johnson, Daly, Jackson, 2005). Role Stress happens when you find yourself experiencing things that you did not expect to happen to you as a nurse. It is the difference your perception of a role versus the reality of your role. You might first experience this as a new grad Nurse without confidence, facing unrealistic expectations, and value conflicts. You could also experience Role Stress due to a lack of job control, high demands, and work overload. We are now being faced with shorter and shorter hospital stays equaling more work to be done in less time. (Blais Hayes, 2011, pg. 27 ) A nurse experiencing Role Stress might end up with Role Strain. An emotional reaction accompanied by psychological responses, such as anxiety, tension, irritation, resentment, depression, and job dissatisfaction (Blais Hayes 2011, pg. 27). A stressor that one might experience as a substitute school nurse is the lack of consistency on policy from one school to another. A good way to manage the stress caused by the inconsistency is to research school nurse policies in the state you are in, and work under those regulations. Also, voicing your concerns to those involved can help if done politely. This was shown to be effective, thus eliminating stress. In another example; one may not realize the emotional stress of a job. Death in the ED can take a toll on both staff and family. It can produce feelings of guilt, anger, failure. One might become numb and develop emotional defenses to cope with the way they feel. To help with this special education or training can be given to the nurse, which can help improve wellness and performance (http://emedicine. medscape.com/article/806280-overview). In every different nursing environment we will eventually run into stressors, that can cause role strain. There are fortunately some strategies that can help manage stress. A plan of care to manage stress might be helpful to all working in the health care field. The following interventions might help reduce stress: Learn how to identify problems and solve them, have good time management skills, delegate well, and learn to not procrastinate. It is also helpful to not assume too many roles, to arrive early, and prepare ahead of time to eliminate any work overload stress. (Blais Hayes, 2011, pg. 29). A short term goal could be to arrive early to work everyday which in return could prevent some additional stress.. A long term goal would be the reduction of stress through applying the above strategies, as well as doing something healthy for yourself, such as a walk, exercise, alone time, or perhaps a good book. Using community resources and help available through specialist and friends can also be beneficial. In summary, it is first necessary to take care of yourself, then you will be in a position to apply the many other helpful techniques enabling you to care for others. References Blais, K.K. Hayes, J.S. (2011). Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives (6th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chang, E.J., Hancock, K.M., Johnson, A., Daly, J., Jackson, D. (2005). Role stress in nurses: Review of related factors and strategies for moving forward. Nursing and Health Sciences, 7, 57-65. Medscape. (2009). Grief Support in the ED. Retrieved September 4, 2013, from http://emedicine,medscape.com/article/806280-overview)

Impact Evaluation of Three Social Programs Essay -- Evaluating Three S

You are to identify a social issue and research on at least 3 social programs or efforts that try/tried to address this issue. For each program, you should look at: - Facts of the program (NPO, beneficiaries, country or region of efforts) - Objective(s) of program - Whether the program has meet its objective(s), and how far are they away from it - Evaluation of the success of the program According to the 2013 factsheet for the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG), enrolment in primary education in developing regions reached 90 per cent in 2010, up from 82 per cent in 1999, which means more kids than ever are attending primary school. ("Goal 2: Achieve," n.d.) However, 57 million children of primary school education age were out of school. Globally, 123 million youths aged 15 to 24 were lack of basic reading and writing skills and 61 per cent of them are young women. ("Goal 2: Achieve," n.d.) Gender gaps in youth literacy rates are improving, from 90 literate young women for every 100 young men in 1990 to 95 women in 2010. ("Goal 2: Achieve," n.d.) In Singapore, primary education was made compulsory for all children who are above the age of 6 years and who has not yet reach the age of 15 years. ("Compulsory education," n.d.) Factors that are associated to poverty such as unemployment, physical health conditions and the illiteracy of parents increases the risk of children unable to attend school and drop-out from school. ("Right to education," n.d.) Due to the lack of access to education, adults are unable to get a stable job to generate income for the family. The poverty cycle continues when parents could not afford to send their children to school. Undeniably, many children who were living in poverty ... ...nistry of Education Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.sg/committee-of-supply-debate/files/supporting-singaporean-students.pdf Financial assistance and bursary schemes. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.sg/initiatives/financial-assistance/ Female secondary school assistance project, bangladesh. In Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEMPOWERMENT/Resources/14828_Bangladesh-web.pdf Stipends triple girls access to school. (2009, October). Retrieved from http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/IDA/0,,contentMDK:21227882~menuPK:3266877~pagePK:51236175~piPK:437394~theSitePK:73154,00.html What is ida?. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/ida/what-is-ida.html Quality primary education in bangladesh In United Nations Children's Fund. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Quality_Primary_Education(1).pdf

Spyware on Children’s Computers; Regorian Rhetoric

Parents as Undercover Cops Spyware is any technology that aids in gathering information about a person or organization without their knowledge. On the internet, spyware is programming that is put in someone’s computer to secretly gather information about the user and relay it to advertisers or other interested parties. In this case, the ‘other interested parties’ are parents. Parents are becoming more and more protective of their kids. Many are now becoming open to the idea of putting spyware on their children’s computers when previously that was unthought-of.No matter what ones particular outlook on this subject is, there are pros and cons of each side, and most seem to lean largely on one side or the other, as opposed to being more in the middle. There are many harmful traps on the internet, but does that justify tracking children’s every keystroke on their computer? Harlan Coben believes spyware is more than justified. In Coben’s article, à ¢â‚¬Å"The Undercover Parent,† Coben states that parents are overprotective of their kids in many other aspects, such as knowing their passwords to their phones, supervising them at all events, and so on.So why give them their independence when it comes to the internet? I understand what he means and even agree with his reasoning in some ways. Coben says that the ones doing the surveillance are not some government officials; they are loving parents trying to protect their offspring. This argument is valid because it shows that the parents who choose to put the software in computers are really just trying to keep their kids best interest in mind, and those who compare it to being surveyed by a government agency or something of the like is ludicrous.Some children are at risk of being harmed through the internet, and do require that surveillance. The children that are unknowingly communicating with a pedophile, or the â€Å"43% of teens [that] have been victims of cyber bullying in the last year,† could have had a possibility of being helped if their parents had spyware software downloaded onto their computer. (Stop Cyber Bullying Before it Start’s) Of course, ‘what-if’s’ are always going to be asked, and there is no way that spyware can solve these problems fully. Pedophilia and cyber bullying are both serious issues and need to be stopped.Yes, spyware could help the problem. Yes, spyware could alert or notify a parent if one of these two activities is going on, which could be extremely beneficial. I agree that spyware should be used in these very specific situations. Coben also believes that having this program reinforces to children the fact that the internet is not a haven of privacy. In an academic journal article regarding Facebook, a website that many children and teens are using, it is written that â€Å"We need to teach them that NOTHING IS PRIVATE online, especially their social networks† (Fodeman).All child ren need to understand and acknowledge that the internet is not private, but even more so those who use social networking, because once something is typed and sent, uploaded, or anything, it can never be taken back or deleted. Sure you can remove certain things, but somewhere it is still out there, and it can be retrieved if deemed necessary. Everyone has access to posts online, and if the reason they are not misusing the internet is because of their fear of the spyware, then so be it.There is a fine line between being responsibly protective and irresponsibly nosy, Coben argues. If a parent is going to have spyware on their children’s computer, they need to be doing so for the correct reasons. Doing so because there is a harmful behavior being engaged without another way to stop it is sufficient enough of reasoning. However, trying to be filled in on the latest gossip and happenings in the child’s life is not going to cut it. Parents are supposed to be responsible and looking out for harmful and negative behaviors.They should not be abusing their powers or the tools given to them to help ensure their loved child’s online safety and protection. I do tend to agree with the various arguments that Coben uses to validate his claims, yet I have two different opinions on the use of spyware technololgy. If ones child is dishonest, engaging in suspicious or risky behavior, install the spyware. If a parent has real evidence that their child is harming him or herself, then the parent has a responsibility to help and protect the child even though their child may not want the watchful eye.It is more than fair for parents whose children have engaged in some kind of dangerous behavior, to tell them â€Å"If you don’t meet your responsibilities to take care of yourself and to stay safe, then I’m going to take whatever steps necessary. If that means looking in your room, looking in your drawers and looking on your computer, that’s exa ctly what I’m prepared to do† (Lehman). That way the child will know there is a possibility of a spyware being put on their computer and are not caught off guard if something from the spywares report were to be brought up in the future.The safety of one’s children should be number one on the parents list and they need to be able to do what is deemed necessary in order to protect. Reading emails, having the knowledge of what they search for online, and seeing all of their communications may be necessary for certain situations. The situations where spyware should be put on children’s computers are only in extreme cases of dishonesty, incriminating behavior, or suspicious activities. Spyware may not be the most effective way to protect children, but in such cases the spyware could definitely help the situation.Besides extreme cases, ultimately parents having spyware on their children’s electronic devices without their knowledge are more harmful than be neficial. A survey conducted of undergraduate students in the United States showed that â€Å"64% indicated they strongly disagreed with the statement that ‘spyware is more beneficial than harmful. ’†(Freeman) The main reason putting spyware on a child’s computer that has done nothing wrong is harmful, is because the relationship between parent and child will most likely be impacted negatively when the child figures out there is spyware on their computer.If parents have children that meet their curfew, take care of their responsibilities, and the like, there is no reason to snoop on them. Good behavior should be rewarded, and telling your child that the lack of interference in her personal space is a direct result of her good behavior reinforces the trust given to that child. Spyware does not aide in creating independence or individuation. A goal of parenting should be to raise a young adult who can make independent decisions and who can have a life of the ir own. Teenagers are always trying to be individuals and want more independence.Part of having a life of their own is having a space of their own. When parents spy on their responsible child, the message they are sending is that even though the child has not done anything wrong, the child still needs to be watched and is not trustworthy. Also, children and teenagers usually know an awful lot more about computers and technology than adults do. Because of the difference in generations, most teens and children know how to check for spyware, how to disable it, and how to get around it, more often than not without the parent knowing what has happened.It is impossible for a parent to keep tabs and know absolutely everything their child does, which they should not, and sometimes it is better this way. Even if a child does not find a way around the spyware, are parents really prepared to know their child's secrets that are not harmful to themselves, such as sexual activity, although can be harmful in some cases, or sexual orientation? Sometimes it is best to be ignorant. Parents should not go looking for things that if they knew would cause issues in the family tearing them apart.What is the worst that children can get into on the internet? Parents have to understand that their kids are human, and in turn let them be human. They are going to want to try new things, and exploring the internet is probably going to be one of those things. What is so bad about that anyway? It will not corrupt them; nothing â€Å"corrupts† people but other people. It is not the internet doing the corrupting, it is those behind what is being shown and put out there, those that are typing in chat rooms and writing their blogs.It is easy to view kids as possessions, like pets that have to be pampered and hidden from the world, but they are people just the same, and they have to make their own decisions even if they aren't â€Å"good† ones. A teenager deserves their privacy just as much as anyone, including their parents. I believe that if parents have taught their children well, with morals and the ups and downs of life and the internet, they need to trust that their child has been taught well enough to not misuse the internet and all of its capabilities.Joe Kelly, founder of a national advocacy group called Dads and Daughters, states that â€Å"Markets play on this fear that something horrific is going to happen to your child, when the odds of that are minuscule. It might happen, but to have their whole childhood predicated on this remote possibility is, in the aggregate, even more damaging. â€Å"(Crary) Spyware really undermines all of the trust that the parent and child have with one another. In a survey of 1,006 AOL users, â€Å"74. 2% said they perceived spyware to be a personal threat. (Poston) Spyware is seen as a personal threat to so many citizens because of its demoralizing and disrespectful nature. I would not want it done to me, my parents would not want it done to them, and I do not think teaching children that it is okay to have a spyware on someone else is healthy or just. The choice between installing spyware on a child’s computer or not too, can relate to one another and meet in the middle. In some extreme cases where there is no longer an ounce of trust, spyware should be put on children’s computers to protect them from themselves and others.Although in most cases, spyware is not acceptable because of the harm it does to the relationship between parent and child, and the toll it takes on trust, individualism, and privacy. Parents should have some type of control over their child’s internet usage. Blocking some sites, such as porn or self-harm/suicide related sites, is beneficial and sufficient. Having the computers in the house being put in open areas, such as an office or living room, can also control what children do on the computer because of the fact that they are aware that anybody can walk by and see what is on the screen.There are also parental controls that make it so the internet is only available at the times set up by the parents. Parents that are still uncomfortable with these alternatives could also have a password set up that one would need to log onto the computer, and only the parent would know that password. That way, if a child wants to use the computer, the parent will always know if they are on it. You should also talk to your children about the dangers of the internet so that they recognize suspicious behavior or activity.In order to teach more about internet safety instead of simply trying to avoid it, parents need to â€Å"Discuss the risks of sharing certain types of information (e. g. , they they’re home alone) and the benefits to only communicating and sharing information with people they know. † (Householder) All of these alternative suggestions, used solely or by incorporating them all, is a much more useful tool in monitoring computer and internet usage rather than using a spyware. The alternative to spyware does not damage trust, lets the child have needed amounts of privacy, and yet still lets the reins be in the parent’s hands.Works Cited Coben, Harlan. â€Å"The Undercover Parent. †Ã‚  New York Times  16 Mar. 2008: n. pag. Print. Crary, David. â€Å"USA TODAY. †Ã‚  USATODAY. COM. N. p. , 05 Sept. 20122. Web. 17 Mar. 2013. Fodeman, Doug, and Marje Monroe. â€Å"The Impact Of Facebook On Our Students. †Ã‚  Teacher Librarian  36. 5 (2009): 36-40. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Freeman, Lee A. , and Andrew Urbaczewski. â€Å"Why Do People Hate Spyware? †Ã‚  Communications Of The ACM  48. 8 (2005): 50-53. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Householder, Allen, and Mindi McDowell. Security Tip (ST05-002). † Keeping Children Safe Online. US Department of Homeland Security, 16 Feb. 2013. Web. 20 Mar. 2013   Lehman, James. â€Å"Newslette r Signup. †Ã‚  Empowering Parents. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Poston, Robin, Thomas F. Stafford, and Amy Hennington. â€Å"Software: A View From The (Online) Street. †Ã‚  Communications Of The ACM  48. 8 (2005): 96-99. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Stop Cyber bullying Before It Starts. †Ã‚  NCPC. com. National Crime Prevention Council, n. d. Web. 17 Mar. 2013.

Piaget Of The Infant Cognitive Development Essay - 2140 Words

Background In the context of infant cognitive development and its corresponding theories, Jean Piaget often serves as a key theorist. Often referred to with the metaphor of children as â€Å"explorers,† Piaget believed that children, from the moment of birth, are actively engaging with and exploring their surrounding environment. With his contributions to the psychological field, like his six stages of sensorimotor development, we grasp a better understanding of a child’s first encounters developmentally. One of his most important accounts was on the concept of object permanence. He was able to provide a look into infants’ understanding of the physical world (DeHart, Sroufe, Cooper, p. 168). In order to better understand his account on object permanence however, one must be aware of his six stages of sensorimotor development: â€Å"Reflexes,† â€Å"Primary Circular Reactions,† Secondary Circular Reactions,† Coordination of Schemes,† â€Å"Te rtiary Circular Reactions,† and â€Å"Beginnings of Representational Thought,† which were largely influence through his experiments with his own children. The first stage, â€Å"Reflexes,† occurs from birth to 1 month. During this stage, Piaget asserted, infants are limited to their biological, programmed reflexes. He uses the term reflex in a much more broad sense in that he refers it as â€Å"... any built-in behavior pattern instead of automatic responses to particular stimuli† (DeHart, Sroufe, Cooper, p. 164). 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